High mountain environments are particularly sensitive to climate change because glacial, nival and permafrost processes are temperature dependent 6, 12 13 14 15. During the Last Glacial Maximum LGM ago, the Earth's surface was covered in ice, but the Earth is now in an interglacial period. The glacial-interglacial alternations of the last million years, particularly the most recent one, have left notable traces on the Earth's surface and have influenced human activities. Climate change may impact glacial and periglacial environments, which are likely transforming at unprecedented rates. during the Holocene. Progressive increases in air temperature and the associated change in the soil thermal regime and surface energy balance result in increased thicknesses of active layers, soil warming, changes. We show that future changes in glacial and paraglacial environments, particularly in frozen regions within continents, have downstream implications for the biosphere, including biodiversity and ecosystem services, sustainable agriculture and water resources, environmental human, including cultural landscapes and heritage and, remote sensing studies have demonstrated that glaciers and their proximal environments exhibit unique temporal, spatial and spectral characteristics that can be analyzed to better quantify glacial risk. Periglacial environments are found in cold, non-glacial regions characterized by intense freezing and thawing activity and perpetually or seasonally frozen ground. They occur in areas where the average annual air temperature is lower, C, and are not limited to ice-margin regions, as the name suggests. Periglacial environments,